A key component of this transformation is the use of P-Q power converters, electronic devices that enable intelligent control of the energy flowing through the grid. These systems manage both active power—the power that is actually consumed and transformed into useful work, like running motors or lighting—and reactive power, which isn’t consumed but is necessary for equipment like transformers or motors to operate correctly.
P-Q converters are commonly used in low-voltage networks, such as 400 V three-phase alternating current systems, which are very common in industrial environments, buildings, or facilities with renewable energy. In these settings, they can manage systems with solar panels, batteries, or other distributed energy sources, optimizing the energy flow in and out of the system in real time.
When multiple converters are connected in parallel, the system becomes more flexible and resilient. It’s like having several brains working together to manage energy: if one fails, the others keep operating, and if demand increases, another converter can be easily added. This scalable architecture allows for better load distribution and greater system reliability.
For this to work properly, all converters must be precisely synchronized, both in frequency and phase. Workload distribution is achieved using techniques like droop control, which allows each device to self-regulate based on what it detects in the grid. It's also essential to avoid generating harmonics, which can distort the electrical signal, and to ensure that protection systems are well-coordinated to act quickly in the event of any fault.
This approach is already being implemented in real-world networks, where systems with multiple photovoltaic inverters inject solar energy, stabilize voltage, and automatically compensate for the reactive power consumption of other devices. This showcases how, thanks to power electronics, grids can become more efficient, sustainable, and reliable.
But there’s more. In a world where energy is increasingly generated in a decentralized and renewable way, digitizing the grid must go beyond remote monitoring or data collection. It's essential to act directly on the energy flow. And that’s only possible by integrating smart devices directly into the network—assets like P-Q converters that don’t just observe, but actually make decisions and intervene in real time.
This is the commitment and the challenge that Energy in the Cloud, S.L. has taken on: making power grids that think, adapt, and respond. Because only then can we build an electric system truly ready for the future that’s already arriving.